Comparison of obturation quality, instrumentation time and post-operative pain using manual K-files and pediatric rotary files in primary molars ­ a double blinded randomised clinical trial / Comparação da qualidade de obturação, tempo de instrumentação e dor pós-operatória usando Limas manuais K e Limas rotativas pediátricas em molares decíduos ­ um estudo clínico randomizado duplo-cego

Objective: to compare the quality of obturation, instrumentation time and post-operative pain after pulpectomy in primary molars using manual K-files, Kedo-S and Kedo-S Square rotary file systems. Material and Methods: a double blinded randomized control trial was conducted in 45 children, who were indicated for pulpectomy in any one of the primary mandibular molars. The canal preparation was done using either hand K-files, Kedo-S files, or Kedo-S Square files based on the groups assigned. The time taken for instrumentation was recorded using a stopwatch. The quality of obturation was evaluated using post-operative radiograph and post-operative pain was assessed with modified Wong-Baker Faces Pain scale. Results: instrumentation time was minimum in rotary Kedo-S Square files (53.23 ± 9.60 seconds) followed by Kedo-S files (82.70 ± 11.86 seconds). The preparation time was maximum with manual K-files (121.43 ± 20.18 seconds). Kedo-S square files provided a higher number of optimally filled canals (66.4%). All the three instrumentations equally showed the tendency to produce voids in the obturation. Rotary files Kedo-S Square followed by Kedo-S showed less post-operative pain compared to K-files. Conclusion: the use of pediatric rotary instruments for canal preparation during pulpectomy will result in better quality of obturation in reduced time with least post-operative pain (AU)

Objetivo: comparar a qualidade de obturação, tempo de instrumentação e dor pós-operatória após pulpectomia em molares decíduos usando limas manuais K, limas rotatórias Kedo-S e limas rotatórias Kedo-S Square. Material e Métodos: um estudo clínico randomizado duplo-cego foi conduzido com 45 crianças que foram submetidas à pulpectomia de algum molar decíduo indicado. A preparação do canal foi feita usando limas manuais K, ou limas Kedo-S, ou ainda Limas Kedo-S Square, com base nos grupos que foram selecionados. O tempo para a instrumentação foi registrado com um cronômetro. A qualidade de obturação foi avaliada por meio de uma radiografia após o procedimento e a dor pós-operatória foi avaliada com a escala de dor Wong-Baker Faces modificada. Resultados: o tempo de instrumentação foi mínimo para as limas rotatórias Kedo-S Square (53,23 ± 9,60 segundos) seguido pelas limas Kedo-S (82,70 ± 11,86 segundos). O tempo de preparação foi maior com as limas manuais K (121,43 ± 20,18 segundos). As limas Kedo-S Square promoveram um maior número de canais otimamente obturados (66,4%). Todas as três instrumentações mostraram igualmente a tendência em seproduzir vazios na obturação. As limas rotatórias Kedo-S Square seguidas pelas limas Kedo-S produziram menos dor pós-operatória comparadas às limas manuais K. Conclusão: o uso de instrumentos rotatórios pediátricos para a preparação do canal durante a pulpectomia resultará em melhor qualidade de obturação em tempo reduzido e com menos dor pós-operatória. (AU)

Pulpectomies with Iodoform Versus Calcium Hydroxide-Based Paste: A Preliminary Randomised Controlled Clinical Trial

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare clinical and radiographical pulpectomy outcomes in primary teeth filled with different pastes. Material and Methods: The sample included thirty-eight teeth indicated for pulpectomy due to irreversible pulp inflammation or necrosis from thirty patients (2 to 9 years old). The first appointment comprised chemomechanical preparation (2.5% sodium hypochlorite), smear layer removal (6% citric acid), intracanal dressing and temporary restoration. Seven days later, teeth were randomly assigned to filling with iodoform (IP) or calcium hydroxide with zinc oxide (CHZO) based pastes and temporarily restored. Final restoration (composite resin) occurred at the 3rd appointment. Data from baseline, 6 and 12 months were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics (p≤0.05). Results: The overall frequency of success was 63.6% (n=21), with no significant difference between groups (IP=62.5% n=10; CHZO=64.7% n=11, p=0.59). Multiradicular teeth, overfilled canals and teeth whose coronal restoration have been lost were significantly associated with failure (p=0.01, p=0.04 and p<0.001, respectively). Conclusion: After 12 months, both pastes showed similar outcomes and can be used as good options for pulpectomies in primary teeth. Moreover, tooth location, extent of the root canal filling, and integrity of final restoration during the follow-up influenced the outcome of pulpectomies.

Frecuencia de tratamientos pulpares en una población pediátrica peruana: un estudio retrospectivo en un centro dental especializado de 2015 a 2019 / Frequency of Pulp Treatments in a Peruvian Pediatric Population: a Retrospective Study in a Specialized Dental Center from 2015 to 2019

Resumen Los tratamientos pulpares constituyen uno de los tipos de procedimientos más realizados en pacientes pediátricos, cuyo objetivo primordial es devolver la función masticatoria, estética y fonética. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la frecuencia de los tratamientos pulpares realizados en pacientes de 3 a 11 años de edad atendidos en el Servicio de Odontopediatría del Centro Dental Docente Cayetano Heredia desde enero de 2015 hasta diciembre de 2019. Se realizó la búsqueda de las historias clínicas de pacientes atendidos en el Servicio de Odontopediatría que hayan contado con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Se recogieron datos sobre edad, sexo, tipo de dentición y pieza dentaria, para la elaboración de una base de datos, y posteriormente tablas de contenido. De una muestra de 514 historias clínicas virtuales, con 1166 tratamientos pulpares realizados, el tratamiento pulpar indirecto fue el más realizado para ambos sexos, 41.17% (n=247) para el sexo femenino y 34.98% (n=198) para el sexo masculino. Según rango de edad, 3 a 5 años de edad son los pacientes que más tratamiento pulpar indirecto se realizaron con 39.06% (n=359). La mayoría de pacientes que presentaban dentición decidua se les realizaron el tratamiento de tratamiento pulpar indirecto con 39.32% (n=326). Siendo la pieza dental mayormente tratada con tratamiento pulpar indirecto la 84 con 41.18 % (n=70). El tratamiento pulpar que más se realizó dentro de nuestro estudio fue el tratamiento pulpar indirecto seguido de la pulpectomía y pulpotomía. El sexo femenino, grupo etario de 3 a 5 años y dentición decidua fueron los que más recibieron tratamientos pulpares. Los dientes con mayor frecuencia de tratamientos pulpares fueron la segunda molar inferior izquierda y la primera molar inferior derecha, y las que de menor frecuencia fueron las caninos inferiores derecho e izquierdo.

Abstract Pulp treatments are one of the types of procedures most performed in pediatric patients, whose primary objective is to restore the masticatory, aesthetic and phonetic function. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of pulp treatments performed in patients from 3 to 11 years of age treated at the Pediatric Dentistry Service of the Centro Dental Docente Cayetano Heredia from January 2015 to December 2019. The search for the medical records of patients treated at the Pediatric Dentistry Service who have met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were collected on age, sex, type of dentition and tooth, for the elaboration of a database, and later tables of contents. Of a sample of 514 virtual medical records, with 1166 pulp treatments performed, indirect pulp treatment was the most performed for both sexes, 41.17% (n=247) for females and 34.98% (n=198) for males. According to age range, 3 to 5 years of age are the patients who received more indirect pulp treatment with 39.06% (n=359). The majority of patients with deciduous dentition underwent indirect pulp treatment with 39.32% (n=326). Being the tooth most treated with indirect pulp treatment 84 with 41.18% (n=70). The pulp treatment that was most performed in our study was indirect pulp treatment followed by pulpectomy and pulpotomy. The female sex, age group 3 to 5 years and deciduous dentition were the ones that received the most pulp treatments. The teeth with the highest frequency of pulp treatments were the second lower left molar and the first lower right molar, and those with the least frequency were the lower right and left canines.

Concordância entre medida de comprimento de trabalho por radiografia e localizador eletrônico foraminal na dentição decídua: revisão integrativa / Agreement between work length measurement by radiography and electronic foraminal locator in the primary dentition: an integrative review

Introdução: O estabelecimento do comprimento de trabalho (CT) é uma etapa fundamental para o sucesso do tratamento endodôntico, principalmente na dentição decídua. O exame radiográfico é um dos principais meios de definir o CT. A mensuração desse comprimento também pode ser obtida por meio de dispositivos eletrônicos. Objetivo: Revisar a literatura acerca da concordância entre a medida de CT por radiografia e localizadores eletrônicos foraminais (LEFs) na dentição decídua. Metodologia: A busca bibliográfica foi realizada nas bases de dados PubMed, Cochrane Library e BVS, seguindo uma estratégia de combinação de palavras-chave, filtrando apenas pesquisas clínicas. A seleção dos artigos foi realizada em duas etapas: através da leitura dos títulos e resumos e, em seguida, por meio da obtenção e leitura dos artigos completos selecionados. Resultados: sete artigos foram selecionados, publicados entre 2011 e 2020. Todos foram analisados quanto à qualidade metodológica e à caracterização como tamanho da amostra, objetivo, metodologia, resultados e conclusão. Todos possuíam os dados necessários para contemplar o objetivo desta pesquisa. O uso dos LEFs mostrou-se tão preciso quanto o método radiográfico (n=6), e, em um estudo, o método eletrônico foi superior ao radiográfico para determinação do CT. Conclusão: O método eletrônico possui eficácia na determinação do CT durante o tratamento endodôntico de dentes decíduos sendo comparável ao radiográfico.

Introduction: To establish the working length (CT) is a fundamental step toward the suc-cess of endodontic treatment. Also, the radiographic examination is one of the most important means of determining CT. This length can also be measured by electronic devic-es. Objective: To review the literature on the agreement between the CT measurement by radiography and electronic foraminal locators (LEF) in the primary dentition. Methodology: A bibliographic search was performed on PubMed, Cochrane Library, and BVS, using a keyword combination strategy and filtering only clinical research. The selection of the articles occurred in two stages: by reading the titles and abstracts, and by obtaining and reading the selected full articles. Results: Seven articles, published between 2011 and 2020, were selected and analyzed for methodological quality and characterized for sample size, objectives, methodology, results, and conclusion. They had the essential data to contemplate the purpose of this research. The use of LEF proved to be as accurate as of the radiographic method (n=6), and in one study, the electronic method was superior to the radiographic method for determining TC. Conclusion: The electronic method is effective in determining the CT during the endodontic treatment of primary teeth and is comparable to the radiographic one.

Lesion sterilization and tissue repair of primary molar to the eruption of its permanent successor: a case report / Esterilização da lesão e reparação de tecidos de molar decíduo: relato de caso clínico até a erupção do permanente sucessor

The aim of this study is to report a clinical case of lesion sterilization and tissue repair in primary molar, with follow-up until the eruption of the permanent successor. A 6-year-old male patient came to the Pediatric Dentistry Clinic at Faculdade Sao Leopoldo Mandic in Campinas-SP, with his mother, complaining of "caries in several teeth". On clinical examination, it was found that tooth 85 had a severe carious lesion with pulp involvement and fistula. Radiographically, radiolucency was observed in the furcation region. It was then decided to perform lesion sterilization and tissue repair of the tooth with CTZ paste. After 6 months of the procedure, the tooth was clinically and radiographically normal and after 3 years it was observed that tooth 85 was in complete root resorption. After extraction, the permanent successor erupted naturally without clinical or radiographic alterations. It can be concluded that the present clinical case demonstrated success in the use of CTZ paste in the lesion sterilization and tissue repair of primary molars, until the complete eruption of the permanent successor. (AU)

O objetivo desse estudo é relatar o caso clínico de esterilização da lesão e reparação de tecidos em molar decíduo com pasta CTZ, com acompanhamento até a erupção do pré-molar sucessor. Paciente do sexo masculino, 6 anos de idade, apresentou-se à Clínica de Odontopediatria da Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic em Campinas-SP, acompanhado de sua mãe, queixando-se de "cárie em vários dentes". Ao exame clínico, verificou-se que o dente 85 apresentava lesão de cárie severa com envolvimento pulpar e fístula. Radiograficamente, observou-se radiolucidez na região de furca. Optou-se, então, por realizar a esterilização da lesão e reparação de tecidos do dente com pasta CTZ. Após 6 meses da realização do procedimento, o dente apresentava-se clinica e radiograficamente normal e após 3 anos observou-se que o elemento 85 estava em rizólise completa. Feita a extração, o permanente sucessor erupcionou naturalmente sem alterações clínicas ou radiográficas. Pode-se concluir que o presente caso clínico demonstrou sucesso do emprego da pasta CTZ na esterilização da lesão e reparação de tecidos de molar decíduo, até completa erupção do permanente sucessor. (AU)

Avaliação comparativa entre terapia endodôntica convencional e técnica não instrumental: um relato de caso / Comparative evaluation between conventional endodontic therapy and a non-instrumental technique: a case report

Objetivo: A necrose da polpa dentária é uma complicação causada principalmente por cáries e lesões traumáticas. Não há consenso sobre a melhor técnica e materiais para o tratamento endodôntico na dentição decídua. O objetivo foi apresentar um relato de caso clínico em que foram realizadas diferentes abordagens endodônticas em dentes homólogos traumatizados e necróticos. Métodos: Um menino de um ano e oito meses sofreu traumatismo dento-alveolar após queda e procurou o projeto de extensão de traumatismos na dentição decídua da Faculdade de Odontologia da UFMG em outubro de 2018 para avaliação clínica e radiográfica. O incisivo central superior esquerdo apresentou fratura de esmalte e dentina sem exposição pulpar, enquanto o incisivo central superior direito apresentou luxação intrusiva leve. Ambos apresentaram o desenvolvimento de lesões periapicais. Resultados: Os dentes foram tratados respectivamente com a técnica não instrumental com pasta CTZ e com terapia endodôntica convencional com pasta Guedes-Pinto. Os acompanhamentos clínico e radiográfico após os tratamentos revelaram dentes assintomáticos e evidência de cicatrização periapical. Conclusão: O uso da pasta CTZ apresentou resultados satisfatórios e semelhantes à terapia tradicional em curto prazo no relato de caso apresentado.

Aim: Dental pulp necrosis is a complication caused mainly by dental caries and lesions. No consensus has been reached on the best technique and materials for endodontic treatment in the primary dentition. The objective was to present a clinical case report in which different endodontic approaches were performed in traumatized and necrotic homologous teeth. Methods: A one-year-and-eight-month-old boy suffered dentoalveolar trauma after a fall and sought out the Deciduous Trauma Dental Center of the Federal University of Minas Gerais in October 2018 for clinical and radiographic evaluation. The left maxillary central incisor presented enamel and dentin fracture without pulp exposure, while the right maxillary central incisor presented a small intrusive dislocation. Both presented the development of periapical lesions. Results: The teeth were treated respectively, using the non-instrumental technique with CTZ paste and the conventional endodontic therapy with Guedes-Pinto paste. Clinical and radiographic follow-ups after treatments revealed asymptomatic teeth and evidence of periapical healing. Conclusion: The use of CTZ paste in this case report presented satisfactory and similar results to traditional therapy in the short term.

Comparação de diferentes técnicas e pastas obturadoras em pulpectomias de dentes decíduos bovinos: estudo in vitro / Comparison of different techniques and obtaining paste in bovine decidual teeth pulpectomies: in vitro study

A manutenção dos dentes decíduos na cavidade bucal até o período de sua esfoliação fisiológica é de extrema importância. A terapia endodôntica é um tratamento indicado quando a saúde do tecido pulpar é comprometida e diversas técnicas e materiais podem ser empregados para realizar a obturação de canais radiculares. O objetivo deste estudo in vitro foi comparar a qualidade do preenchimento dos canais radiculares utilizando diferentes técnicas de obturação e pastas obturadoras em dentes decíduos bovinos submetidos à pulpectomia. Foram selecionados 30 incisivos decíduos bovinos, e preparados através da técnica manual com posterior obturação dos canais radiculares por meio de duas técnicas e três pastas obturadoras. Os dentes foram divididos em 6 grupos (n= 5/ grupo) da seguinte forma: GI ­ Técnica manual e pasta de Hidróxido de Cálcio PA espessada com Óxido de Zinco; GII ­ Técnica manual e pasta Guedes-Pinto Modificada; GIII ­ Técnica manual e pasta Feapex®; GIV ­ Técnica com auxílio da lentulo e pasta de Hidróxido de Cálcio PA espessada com Óxido de Zinco; GV ­ Técnica com auxílio da lentulo e pasta Guedes-Pinto Modificada; GVI ­ Técnica com auxílio da lentulo e pasta Feapex®. Foram realizadas as radiografias digitais para verificar a qualidade do preenchimento dos canais radiculares. Os resultados obtidos apresentaram diferenças significativas na qualidade do preenchimento dos canais radiculares entre os grupos de dentes decíduos bovinos obturados. Considerando os resultados obtidos e a metodologia empregada, pode-se concluir que existe diferença entre as técnicas de obturação e pastas obturadoras(AU)

Maintaining primary teeth in the oral cavity until the period of their physiological exfoliation is extremely important. An endodontic therapy is a treatment indicated when the health of the pulp tissue is compromised and several techniques and materials can be used to perform root canal filling. The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the quality of root canal filling using different filling techniques and filling masses in primary bovine teeth implanted under pulpectomy. Thirty bovine primary incisors were selected and prepared using the manual technique with subsequente filling of the root canals using two techniques and three filling materials. The teeth were divided into 6 groups (n= 5 / group) as follows: GI - Technical Manual and Calcium Hydroxide Mass PA thickened with Zinc Oxide; GII - Manual technique and modified Guedes-Pinto pasta; GIII - Manual technique and Feapex® paste; GIV - Technique with the aid of lentulo and mass of Calcium Hydroxide PA thickened with Zinc Oxide; GV ­ Technique with the aid of lentulo and modified Guedes-Pinto mass; GVI - Technique with the aid of lentulo and Feapex® mass. Digital radiographs were taken to check the quality of the filling of the root canals. The resulting results dissipated in the quality of filling the root canals between the groups of primary bovine teeth filled. Know the results obtained and the methodology used, it can be concluded that there is a difference between filling techniques and filling masses(AU)

Protocolo de pulpectomia para dentes decíduos: um guia clínico e prático baseado em evidências científicas / Pulpectomy protocol for primary teeth: a clinical and practical guide based on scientific evidence

O procedimento de pulpectomia em dentes decíduos consiste na remoção total do tecido pulpar com inflamação irreversível ou com necrose, preparo químicomecânico e obturação com material reabsorvível, com o intuito de manter o dente o maior tempo possível na cavidade bucal, devolvendo função e saúde para o paciente infantil. Existem vários protocolos descritos na literatura, no entanto, não há consenso entre eles e poucos possuem acesso livre. Sendo assim, observa-se carência de um guia clínico e prático para nortear o cirurgião-dentista na realização desse procedimento durante o atendimento odontopediátrico. Portanto, o intuito deste trabalho é apresentar aos clínicos um protocolo de pulpectomia com altas frequências de sucesso clínico e radiográfico, baseado em evidências científicas, desenvolvido e aplicado pelo Grupo de Pesquisa de Endodontia em Odontopediatria da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (GEDOPED-UFRJ). O presente protocolo contempla indicações, contraindicações, tática operatória, materiais necessários e orientações para acompanhamento. Com esta publicação de maneira gratuita, de acesso livre e no idioma dominante do país, espera-se ampliar o alcance de odontopediatras e clínicos gerais que atendem crianças a um tratamento eficaz.

Pulpectomy in primary teeth consists of the complete removal of the irreversibly affected pulp or necrotic pulp tissue, chemical-mechanical preparation of the root dentin and filling root canals with a resorbable material, to keep the tooth as long as possible in the oral cavity, restoring function and health. There are several pulpectomy protocols described in the literature, however, there is no consensus among them and only few of them are open access. Therefore, there is a lack of clinical and practical guides to the practitioner in performing this procedure during pediatric dental care. The aim of this article is to present a clinically and radiographically successful pulpectomy protocol, based on scientific evidence, developed, and applied by the Research Group on Endodontics in Pediatric Dentistry at the Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. This protocol includes indications, contraindications, operative techniques, materials, and guidelines for follow-up appointments. With this open access publication in Portuguese, we hope to disseminate an effective treatment and expand the outreach of a pulpectomy technique protocol to pediatric dentists and clinicians who treat children.

Survival rate of pulpectomy in primary teeth using Feapex® paste: a clinical study in infants / Sobrevida de pulpectomia em dentes decíduos utilizando pasta Feapex®: um estudo clínico em bebês

Objective: The aim of this clinical study was to evaluate the survival rate of a new pulpectomy protocol using 2% chlorhexidine digluconate gel and Feapex® paste for endodontic treatment in primary teeth. Material and Methods: A total of 105 pulpectomies were performed in anterior and posterior teeth of 48 infants (1-3 years old) with high caries experience with irreversible pulpitis or pulp necrosis. All treatments were performed by dental surgeons with no specialization in Pediatric Dentistry, under local anesthesia and rubberdam isolation. Manual files were used in conjunction with 2% chlorherixidine gel for root canal instrumentation, and Feapex® paste was used as a obturation material. The clinical and radiographic outcomes were collected by one trained independent evaluator with a follow-up period of 24months. Success was determined by the absence of pain, pathological mobility, pathologic bone rarefaction, pathological root resorption and soft tissue pathology around the affected tooth Survival of the endodontic treatment was evaluated by estimating survival rates through Kaplan-Meier curves. Cox Regression analysis with shared fragility were performed to evaluate the association between the independent variables to endodontic treatment failure (α=5%). Results: After 24 months, the treatment survival was 86% (SE=0.03). Root resorption at baseline was associated with a higher risk of failure (HR=2.81; CI=1.12-7.08; p=0.027). The survival rate of the endodontic treated teeth due to dental trauma was 100%, while teeth with dental caries had lower survival rate (85.05%; p<0.001*). Other variables analyzed included gender, age of the child, tooth position (incisor/molar), restoration type, obturation quality, and caries experience were not associated with treatment failure (p>0.05). Conclusion: The new protocol using 2% chlorhexidine digluconate and Feapex® presented a high survival rate and can be considered as a suitable protocol for pulpectomy in primary teeth.Trial Registration: REBEC (RBR-282s2f) (AU)

Objetivo: Avaliar a sobrevida de um novo protocolo para tratamento endodôntico (pulpectomia) em dentes decíduos utilizando gel de digluconato de clorexidina 2% e pasta Feapex®. Material e Métodos: Um total de 105 pulpectomias foram realizadas em dentes anteriores e posteriores diagnosticados com pulpite irreversível ou necrose pulpar em 48 crianças (1-3 anos de idade) com alta experiência de cárie. Todos os tratamentos foram realizados por cirurgiões-dentistas clínicos gerais, sob anestesia local e isolamento absoluto. Limas manuais foram utilizadas em conjunto com cloroherixidina 2% gel para instrumentação dos canais radiculares e pasta Feapex® foi utilizada como material de obturação. Os resultados clínicos e radiográficos foram coletados por um avaliador independente treinado com um período de acompanhamento de 24 meses. O sucesso foi determinado pela ausência de dor, mobilidade patológica, rarefação óssea patológica, reabsorção radicular patológica e ausência de fístula/abscesso ao redor do dente tratado. A sobrevida do tratamento endodôntico foi estimativa utilizando curvas de Kaplan-Meier. Análise de regressão de Cox com fragilidade compartilhada foi realizada para avaliar a associação entre as variáveis independentes com a falha do tratamento endodôntico (α = 5%). Resultados: Após 24 meses, a sobrevida do tratamento foi de 86% (EP = 0,03). A reabsorção radicular no início do estudo foi associada a um maior risco de falha (HR= 2,81; IC= 1,12-7,08; p= 0,027). Dentes tratados endodonticamente devido ao traumatismo dentário na dentição decídua apresentaram taxa de sobrevida de 100%, enquanto dentes com comprometimento pulpar devido à cárie dentária tiveram menor sobrevida (85,05%; p<0,001 *). Todas as outras variáveis analisadas como sexo, idade da criança, dente (incisivo/molar), tipo de restauração, qualidade da obturação e experiência de cárie não foram associadas à falha do tratamento (p> 0,05). Conclusão: O novo protocolo utilizando digluconato de clorexidina 2% e Feapex® apresentou alta sobrevida e pode ser considerado um protocolo adequado para pulpectomia em dentes decíduos.Registro do estudo clínico: REBEC (RBR-282s2f). (AU)

Video modelling technique used to manage the behaviour of uncooperative children in a dental set up / Técnica de modelagem em vídeo usada no manejo de comportamento de crianças não cooperativas no consultório odontológico

Objective: To investigate if video modelling is an effective technique in behaviour modelling of a child in a dental set up. Material and Methods: Fifty children aged 4-6 years indicated for pulpectomy were enrolled in this study. They were selected based on their behaviour using Frankl behaviour rating scale. Children with Frankl behaviour rating 1 and 2 were selected for this study. The video of a child who was cooperative while undergoing pulpectomy was shown to these children. The behaviour was assessed using Frankl behaviour rating scale after the video was shown to the children included in the study. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in the behaviour rating score of the children before after the video of the cooperative child was shown to them. Conclusion: It was observed that video modelling is an effective technique in managing the behaviour of an uncooperative child in a dental set up. (AU)

Objetivo: Investigar se a modelagem em vídeo é uma técnica eficaz no manejo do comportamento de crianças no consultório odontológico. Material e Métodos: Cinquenta crianças, de 4 a 6 anos, indicadas para pulpectomia foram incluídas neste estudo. Elas foram selecionadas com base em seu comportamento utilizando a Escala de Classificação de Comportamento de Frankl. Crianças com classificação de comportamento Frankl 1 e 2 foram selecionadas para este estudo. O vídeo de uma criança que cooperou durante o procedimento de pulpectomia foi mostrado a essas crianças. Posteriormente, o comportamento das mesmas foi avaliado usando a Escala de Classificação de Comportamento de Frankl. Resultados: Houve uma diferença estatisticamente significativa na pontuação da classificação do comportamento das crianças antes e depois do vídeo da criança cooperativa ter sido mostrado a elas. Conclusão: Observou-se que a modelagem em vídeo é uma técnica eficaz no manejo do comportamento de uma criança não cooperativa em um ambiente odontológico (AU)

Management of deep caries lesions with or without pulp involvement in primary teeth: a systematic review and network meta-analysis

Abstract: There is a lack of evidence about the best approach for cavitated caries lesions with the possibility of pulpal involvement in primary teeth. Thus, the present authors aimed to verify the best treatment for deep caries lesions with or without pulp involvement in primary teeth. The search was conducted in MEDLINE/Pubmed and Web of Science databases until May 2020. Studies that compared techniques to manage deep caries lesions with at least 12 months of follow-up were included. The risk of bias was evaluated using the RoB tool. Network meta-analysis and pairwise meta-analyses were conducted considering the treatment clinical success as an outcome, according to the pulp health condition. From 491 potentially eligible studies, 9 were included. For deep caries lesions with pulp vitality, the Hall Technique presented the highest probability of success (78%). In the event of accidental pulp exposure, pulpectomy presented a 76% chance of providing the best clinical results. For pulp necrosis, no difference was observed between a pulpectomy and non-instrumented endodontic treatment (RR = 0.69; 95%CI: 0.21-2.33) Thus, it was concluded that the Hall Technique may be a better option for deep caries lesions with pulp vitality. In cases of accidental pulp exposure of vital teeth during caries removal, a pulpectomy may be considered the best option. However, there are insufficient studies to build up evidence about the best treatment option when irreversible pulpitis or pulp necrosis is present.

Pasta de hidróxido de calcio/yodoformo en pulpectomías de dientes deciduos: Reporte de caso con seguimiento de seis meses / Calcium hydroxide/iodoform paste in primary teeth pulpectomies: a case report with six-month follow-up

Resumen Introducción: Las pastas de obturación a base de hidróxido de calcio/yodoformo han demostrado buenos resultados en pulpectomías de dientes primarios. Objetivos: describir el desempeño de una pasta de hidróxido de calcio/yodoformo (Calplus®) mediante la evaluación clínica y radiográfica en pulpectomias durante 6 meses. Metodología: Un paciente de sexo masculino de 2 años de edad acudió a la Clínica Odontológica de la Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima-Perú. Durante la evaluación clínica se diagnosticó caries de infancia temprana. Tratamientos preventivos y restauradores fueron realizados. Las pulpectomias fueron obturadas con (Calplus®). Para evaluar el desempeño, las pulpectomías fueron acompañadas durante 1, 3 y 6 meses mediante exámenes clínicos y radiográficos examinando dolor, movilidad patológica, alteraciones de tejido blando, rarefacción ósea, y reabsorción radicular patológica. Al tercer mes de seguimiento solo se observó contorno gingival alterado. Conclusiones: La pasta a base de hidróxido de calcio/yodoformo (Calplus®) demostró buen desempeño en pulpectomías de dientes primarios considerando aspectos clínicos y radiográficos después de 6 meses de seguimiento.

Abstract Introduction*: Calcium hydroxide/iodoform is a root canal filling material that have shown good results in pulpectomies of primary teeth. Objective: Describe the performance of a calcium hydroxide/iodoform (Calplus®) root canal filling material considering clinical and radiographic outcomes after 6 months follow-up. Methods: A 2-year-old male patient attended the Dental Clinic of Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima-Perú. Oral clinical examination showed early childhood caries. Preventive and restoration treatments were carried out. Pulpectomies were performed with Calplus®. To evaluate pulpectomies performance it was examined clinical and radiographic outcomes: pain, pathological mobility, soft tissue disorders, bone rarefaction and pathological root resorption. The clinical and radiographic findings at 1, 3, and 6 months were assessed. After three months, it was only observed altered gingival contour. Conclusion: Calcium hydroxide/ iodoform (Calplus®) root canal filling material showed good success rate in primary teeth pulpectomies considering clinical and radiographic outcomes after 6 months follow-up.

The effect of a chemomechanical protocol to eliminate microorganisms from pulpectomized primary teeth: three case reports

Introduction: Description of the bacterial community before and after chemomechanical preparation (CP) with the removal of a smear layer (SL) in pulpectomized primary teeth has been little reported. Objective: These case reports describe the presence of total microorganisms and Enterococcus faecalis in root canals of primary incisors before and after CP with SL removal. Case Reports: Microbiological samples were collected from the root canals of three children (3.66±0.58 years old) with necrosis (n=2) and irreversible pulpal inflammation (n=1) in maxillary primary incisors. After teeth isolation with a rubber dam and antisepsis of the operative field, the sample collections were performed with sterile absorbent paper cones before and after the CP, which included irrigation with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite followed by 6% citric acid to remove the SL. The collected samples were analysed immediately at the end of the clinical procedures. The plates were incubated anaerobically for 48 hours at 37°C. The results were expressed as colony forming units (CFU)/mL. Results: Two of the three teeth showed total microorganisms before the CP. One incisor had no microorganisms in the initial collection. No CFU was counted in the samples collected after CP. Moreover, E. faecalis was not observed any time, either before or after the CP. Conclusions: E. faecalis was not detected in any sample, yet two of the three root canals had microorganisms before CP. In cases where microorganisms were initially found, 100% elimination was observed after the applied protocol.

Introdução: A descrição da comunidade bacteriana antes e após o preparo químico-mecânico (PQM) com remoção da smear layer (SL) em dentes decíduos pulpectomizados tem sido pouco relatada. Objetivo: Esses relatos de casos descrevem a presença de microrganismos totais e Enterococcus faecalis em canais radiculares de incisivos decíduos antes e após PQM com remoção de SL. Relatos dos Casos: Amostras microbiológicas foram coletadas do canal radicular de três crianças (3,66 ± 0,58 anos) com necrose (n = 2) e inflamação pulpar irreversível (n= 1) em incisivos decíduos superiores. Após o isolamento dos dentes com dique de borracha e antissepsia do campo operatório, as coletas das amostras foram realizadas com cones de papel absorvente estéril antes e após o PQM, que incluiu irrigação com hipoclorito de sódio 2,5% seguido de ácido cítrico 6% para retirada do SL. As amostras coletadas foram analisadas imediatamente ao final dos procedimentos clínicos. As placas foram incubadas em anaerobiose durante 48 horas a 37°C. Os resultados foram expressos em unidades formadoras de colônias (UFC)/mL. Resultados: Dois dos três dentes apresentaram microrganismos totais antes do PQM. Um incisivo não apresentava microrganismos na coleta inicial. Nenhuma UFC foi contada nas amostras coletadas após o PQM. Além disso, o E. faecalis não foi observado nenhum momento, nem antes, nem depois do PQM. Conclusão: Não foi detectado E. faecalis em nenhuma amostra, porém dois dos três canais radiculares apresentavam microrganismos antes do PQM. Nos casos em que foram encontrados microrganismos inicialmente, observou-se 100% de eliminação após o protocolo aplicado.

Isolation and characterization of stem cells derived by human dental pulp from harvest based in rotary and manual techniques used in endodontic therapy / Isolamento e caracterização de células tronco da polpa dentária humana obtidas em instrumentação mecanizada e manual durante tratamento endodôntico

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact on the isolation and characterization of stem cells from pulp tissues obtained through rotary instrumentation techniques compared to the manual technique. Material and Methods: Thirty permanent teeth were included, 15 of which were instrumented with rotational technique (Protaper SX) and other 15 with manual technique. Cells obtained were characterized by flow cytometry and proliferation was evaluated by the MTT assay. The plasticity was evaluated for adipogenic, osteogenic and odontogenic differentiations. Results: Cells isolated from the pulp of permanent teeth, by manual techniques, presented fibroblast morphology and were able to differentiate successfully. All lineages expressed CD29, CD73, CD90, CD105, CD146, CD166 and were negative for CD31, CD34 and CD45. MTT assay showing significantly increased proliferation of hDPSCs in 5 and 7 days of the culture. Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that manual instrumentation technique is one of the best candidates to harvest dental pulp tissue as the dental stem cell source due to ability effective expanded with less tissue invasion. The technique of rotational instrumentation proved to be very harmful to the tissues of the dental pulp, and we can't obtain cells using this technique. (AU)

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o impacto no isolamento e caracterização de células-tronco de tecidos pulpares obtidos por meio de técnicas de instrumentação rotatória em comparação à técnica manual. Material e Métodos: Trinta dentes permanentes foram incluídos, 15 dos quais foram instrumentados com técnica mecanizada (Protaper SX) e outros 15 com técnica manual. As células obtidas foram caracterizadas por citometria de fluxo e a proliferação foi avaliada pelo ensaio MTT. A plasticidade foi avaliada quanto às diferenciações adipogênica, osteogênica e odontogênica. Resultados: células isoladas da polpa de dentes permanentes, por técnicas manuais, apresentaram morfologia de fibroblastos e foram capazes de se diferenciar com sucesso. Todas as linhagens expressaram CD29, CD73, CD90, CD105, CD146, CD166 e foram negativas para CD31, CD34 e CD45. O teste de MTT mostrou proliferação significativamente aumentada de hDPSCs em 5 e 7 dias da cultura. Conclusões: O presente estudo demonstrou que a técnica de instrumentação manual é um dos melhores candidatos para a colheita de tecido pulpar como fonte de células tronco dentárias devido à boa capacidade de proliferação celular com menor invasão tecidual. A técnica de instrumentação rotatória provou ser muito prejudicial para os tecidos da polpa dentária, e não possibilitou obter células. (AU)

Clinical and radiographic evaluation of Curcumin Gel mixed Endoflas (CGE) powder as obturating material in primary molars / Avaliação clínica e radiográfica do pasta de curcumina Endoflas (CGE) como material obturador em molares decíduos

Background: Zinc oxide eugenol(ZOE) has long been the material of choice for obturating primary teeth,but it is resistant to resorption, might result in a deflected successor and has limited antibacterial efficacy. Curcuminpossessesanti-inflammatory and antimicrobialproperties which can be implied by its use as obturating material in primary teeth. Objective: To evaluate and compare the efficacy of Curcumin Gel mixed Endoflas powderand Zinc oxide eugenol as obturating materials in primary molars. Material and methods: A total of 30 primary molars indicated for pulpectomy were selected from 4-9-yearold children and divided into two equal groups based on the obturating material used. Group 1- Curcumin Gel mixed Endoflas powder(CGE) and Group 2- Zinc oxide eugenol(ZOE). The efficacy of these obturation materials was evaluatedboth clinically and radiographically. Follow-up was done after 1, 3 and 6months to evaluate clinical and radiographical success rates. The results were subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS software version 21 using chisquare test. Results: At the end of the 6th month follow-up,there was 93.3% clinical success in Group 1 compared with 86.6% success in Group 2. Whereas, radiographically success reported was 100% with Group 1 and 93.3% with Group 2. The difference in the radiographic success rate between the two Groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Based on the present study results, Curcumin Gel mixed Endoflas powder can be considered as an alternative obturation material for treating deciduous molars with extensive involvement of pulp and periradicular tissues.(AU)

Fundamentação: O óxido de zinco eugenol (OZE) há muito tempo é o material de escolha para a obturação de dentes decíduos, mas é resistente à reabsorção, podendo resultar em um dente permanente desviado e tem eficácia antibacteriana limitada. A curcumina possui propriedades anti-inflamatórias e antimicrobianas que podem indicar seu emprego como material obturador em dentes decíduos. Objetivo: Avaliar e comparar a eficácia da pasta de curcumina Endoflas e do óxido de zinco eugenol como materiais obturadores em molares decíduos. Material e métodos: Um total de 30 molares decíduos indicados para pulpectomia foram selecionados entre crianças de 4 a 9 anos e divididos em dois grupos iguais, com base no material obturador utilizado. Grupo 1 - pasta de curcumina Endoflas (CGE) e Grupo 2- óxido de zinco eugenol (ZOE). A eficácia desses materiais de obturação foi avaliada clinicamente e radiograficamente. O acompanhamento foi realizado após 1, 3 e 6 meses para avaliar as taxas de sucesso clínico e radiográfico. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise estatística no software SPSS versão 21, utilizando o teste quiquadrado. Resultados: No final do sexto mês de acompanhamento, houve 93,3% de sucesso clínico no Grupo 1 em comparação com 86,6% de sucesso no Grupo 2. Considerando que, o sucesso radiográfico relatado foi de 100% no Grupo 1 e 93,3% no Grupo 2. A diferença na taxa de sucesso radiográfico entre os dois grupos foi estatisticamente significante (P < 0,05). Conclusão: Com base nos resultados do presente estudo, a pasta de curcumina Endoflas pode ser considerada como um material de obturação alternativo para o tratamento de molares decíduos com amplo envolvimento de polpa e tecidos perirradiculares (AU)

A Survival Analysis of Different Pulp Therapies in Decayed Primary Teeth

Abstract Objective: To identify the clinical and radiographic conditions associated with failure of pulp therapy in primary teeth through a survival analysis. Material and Methods: A total of 1000 records of children assisted at the pediatric dentistry clinic of the Federal University of Parana, Brazil, from the years 2000 to 2010, were analyzed. The mean evaluation time was 10.61 months (minimum/maximum: 1/28) from the report of pulp therapy. The different types of treatments analyzed included indirect pulp treatment (IPT), direct pulp treatment (DPT), pulpotomy and pulpectomy. The Kaplan-Meyer method and log-rank test were used for the survival analysis. Exodontia was considered as the outcome variable and censors included: traumatic tooth loss, presence of the tooth in the oral cavity and physiologic tooth exfoliation. Results: A total of 122 records reporting pulp therapy in the primary teeth were selected. From this, 16 teeth (13.12%) were extracted. Survival analysis showed that pulpectomy presented lower survival rates when compared to conservative therapies (p=0.0297). Teeth with furcal lesions and pathological root resorption before pulp therapy had lower survival rates when compared to those that did not present these conditions (P=0.006). Presence of fistula and abscess after pulp therapy were also associated with lower survival rates (P=0.0062 and 0.0143, respectively). Conclusion: Signals of pulp necrosis were associated to lower survival rates in primary teeth submitted to pulp therapy.

Assessing the quality of root canal filling and instrumentation time using kedo-s files, reciprocating files and k-files / Avaliando a qualidade de obturação e tempo instrumentação usando limas kedo-s, limas reciprocantes e limas k manuais

Objective: Pulpectomy is the conservative treatment approach that retains and preserves the primary tooth in the dental arch in its normal function and non-pathologic state until its exfoliation. Over the years, pulpectomy has been performed using various instrumentation techniques. The aim of this study was to compare the quality of root filing and instrumentation time using Kedo-S files, Reciprocating files and K-files in primary teeth. Material And Methods: A randomized clinical trial was performed on 45 primary molars equally distributed for instrumentation with Kedo-S files, reciprocating files and K-Files. Immediate post-operative digital radiographs were taken to evaluate the quality of root filing and root canal instrumentation time was also recorded. Results: Mean instrumentation time with Kedo-S was 75.6 seconds, reciprocating file was 190.6 seconds and K-file was 95.4 seconds. Highest optimal fill was obtained with Kedo-S file group, highest overfill was obtained with Kedo-S group and highest under fill was obtained with reciprocating file group. Conclusion: Kedo-S rotary system provides better quality of root canal filling in minimum instrumentation time. (AU)

Objetivo: A pulpectomia é o tratamento conservador que retém e preserva o dente decíduo na arcada dentária em sua função normal e estado não patológico até sua esfoliação. Ao longo dos anos, a pulpectomia foi realizada usando várias técnicas de instrumentação. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a qualidade da obturação do canal radicular e do tempo de instrumentação usando limas Kedo-S, limas reciprocantes e limas K em dentes decíduos. Material e Métodos: Foi realizado um ensaio clínico randomizado em 45 molares decíduos distribuídos igualmente para instrumentação com limas Kedo-S, limas reciprocantes e limas K. Radiografias digitais pós-operatórias imediatas foram realizadas para avaliar a qualidade da obturação e também foi registrado o tempo de instrumentação do canal radicular. Resultados: O tempo médio de instrumentação com Kedo-S foi de 75,6 segundos, com limas reciprocantes foi de 190,6 segundos e com limas K foi de 95,4 segundos. O maior índice de obturação ideal foi obtido com o grupo de limas Kedo-S, o maior índice de sobreobturação foi obtido com o grupo Kedo-S e o maior índice de infraobturação foi obtido com o grupo de limas reciprocantes. Conclusão: O sistema rotatório Kedo-S fornece melhor qualidade de obturação do canal radicular em tempo mínimo de instrumentação.(AU)

Estudo clínico controlado, randomizado, duplo cego de pulpectomias em dentes decíduos obturados com Bio-C Pulpecto e Vitapex / Controlled, randomized, double-blind clinical study of pulpectomy in primary teeth filled with Bio-C Pulpecto and Vitapex

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os aspectos clínicos e radiográficos de pulpectomias realizadas em dentes decíduos e obturadas com cimento à base de silicato de cálcio, Bio-C Pulpecto, em comparação com a pasta Vitapex®. Sessenta e sete dentes decíduos em 46 crianças foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos, grupo Bio-C Pulpecto (n=32 dentes) e grupo Vitapex® (n=35 dentes). Os critérios para sucesso clínico foram: dente apresentar-se livre dos sinais e sintomas como, dor espontânea, mobilidade patológica, edema, abscesso e fístula, avaliados nos tempos de 7 dias, 1, 3, 6 e 12 meses. Os critérios para sucesso radiográfico foram: ausência de reabsorção radicular interna e radioluscência periapical/furcal recém-formada, avaliados aos 1, 3, 6 e 12 meses. Não foram constatadas diferenças estatisticamente significante nos aspectos clínicos investigados, em nenhum dos tempos avaliados. Aos 12 meses, as taxas de sucesso clínico foram de 84,61% no grupo Bio-C Pulpecto e 90,91% no grupo Vitapex®. Em relação ao desfecho secundário de descoloração da coroa dentária, aos 12 meses de controle, no grupo Bio-C Pulpecto, 15,38% (2/13) dos dentes apresentaram descoloração da coroa dentária enquanto que no grupo Vitapex® este achado foi de 31,82% (7/22), porém sem diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos (p= 0,431). Após avaliação de imagens radiográficas realizadas aos 12 meses, foi detectada diferença estatisticamente significante na frequência de reabsorção de pasta obturadora no periápice, aos 3 meses (p = 0,044), sendo a maior quantidade de casos de reabsorção identificada no grupo Bio-C Pulpecto (34,78%) em comparação a pasta Vitapex® (10,35%). Conclui-se que tanto nos aspectos clínico quanto no radiográfico, o Bio-C Pulpecto apresentou resultados favoráveis indicando a possibilidade de uso como material obturador para dentes decíduos(AU)

The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical and radiographic aspects of pulpectomy performed on primary teeth and filled with calcium silicate-based cement, Bio-C Pulpecto, in comparison with Vitapex paste. Sixty-seven primary teeth in 46 children were randomly divided into two groups, Bio-C Pulpecto group (n = 32 teeth) and Vitapex group (n = 35 teeth). The criteria for clinical success were: tooth being free of signs and symptoms, such as spontaneous pain, pathological mobility, edema, abscess and fistula, evaluated at 7 days, 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. The criteria for radiographic success were: absence of internal root resorption and newly formed periapical / furcal radiolucency, evaluated at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. There were no statistically significant differences in the investigated clinical aspects, in any of the evaluated times. At 12 months, the clinical success rate was 84.61% in Bio-C Pulpecto group and 90.91% in Vitapex group. Regarding the outcome of dental crown discoloration, at 12 months of control, in Bio-C Pulpecto group 15.38% (2/13) of the teeth showed discoloration of the dental crown while in Vitapex group this finding was 31.82% (7/22), but there was no statistically significant difference between Bio-C Pulpecto and Vitapex (p = 0.431). After evaluation of radiographic images taken at 12 months, a statistically significant difference was detected in frequency of resorption of in the periapices, at 3 months (p = 0.044), with the largest number of cases of filling paste resorption identified in Bio-C Pulpecto group (34.78%) compared to Vitapex paste (10.35%). It is concluded that both in clinical and radiographic aspects, Bio-C Pulpecto presented favorable results indicating the possibility of use as a filling material for primary teeth(AU)

Does Endodontic Re-Treatment in Primary Teeth Increase the Functional Tooth Retention? A Clinical, Retrospective, University-Based Study

Objective: To investigate the longevity of endodontic treatments and the survival of endodontic re-treatments performed in primary teeth. Material and Methods: The sample included endodontic treatments and re-treatments conducted in anterior and posterior primary teeth without sedation or general anesthesia among children attending a university dental service. Information collected retrospectively from clinical records was used for analyzing data. The Kaplan-Meier estimator test was used to analyze the longevity and survival of endodontic treatment and re-treatments, respectively. Results: A total of 73 patients with endodontic therapy in primary teeth were included in the study, and 116 teeth were analyzed. After one year, the longevity of endodontic treatments performed on primary teeth was 65.74% with an annual failure rate (AFR) of 34.2%. From 47 endodontic treatment failures, 14 teeth (29.8%) were endodontically re-treated. When the endodontic re-treatment was considered as survival, the longevity of treatments reached 68.06% with 31.9% of AFR after one year of follow-up. There was a significant increase in functional tooth retention in those patients that received an endodontic re-treatment (p<0.001). Retreatment provided an additional mean survival time of 8.3 months. Conclusion: Endodontic treatments performed in primary teeth presented a limited longevity. Endodontic re-treatment is a more conservative alternative for endodontically treated primary teeth that have failed and significantly increase tooth retention.

Graduate and Undergraduate Teaching of Primary Tooth Pulpectomy: A Comparison among Brazilian Dental Schools

Objective: To compare the teaching of the pulpectomy in primary teeth among graduate and undergraduate Brazilian dental schools. Material and Methods: From August 2015 to July 2016, an 11-question survey was sent to 44 graduate and 207 undergraduate dental schools. Data obtained were summarized using descriptive statistics. Results: The response rate was higher from graduate (56.8%) than undergraduate (41.1%) courses. Pulpectomy was taught by all participating schools. More than 90% of the undergraduate and graduate courses recommend the use of hand instruments for canals debridement, but the widening of root canals was advised in 69.4% of undergraduate and in 84% of graduate schools. Regarding the irrigatings, 1% sodium hypochlorite as a single irrigating solution was the most taught for both biopulpectomy and necropulpectomy. The iodoform-based Guedes-Pinto paste as the single indication was the preferred root canal filling material in undergraduate schools (30.6%), while the zinc oxidethickened calcium hydroxide paste as the single option was the most recommended in graduate courses (36%). Endodontic hand file associated with lentulo drill for filling root canals was recommended by most courses. Overall, biopulpectomy was performed in one session, while necropulpectomy led two sessions. Periapical radiograph for diagnosis and final obturation was the most adopted conduct by undergraduate (68.2%) and graduate (72%) schools. Gutta-percha and glass ionomer cement were preferred materials to seal the entrance of the pulp chamber. Conclusion: There was variability in the techniques and materials taught to perform pulpectomy in primary teeth among Brazilian graduate and undergraduate dental schools. Calcium hydroxide paste has been used in similar proportion to iodoform-based paste.